Sustainable Breeding of Pedigree Dogs
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  What are the main causes of a declining genetic diversity?

One of the main reasons for a decline in diversity, it is the use of inbreeding or close breeding.
Another very important reason is the frequent use of the same dogs, which are often related to each other, the so-called champion culture.
This can lead to a further drastic drop in the genetic diversity of a population.

Also, the exclusion of a part of the population for breeding can have negative consequences for the diversity of the population.
This may for instance be the case when the breeder selects for a particular disorder or for a particular characteristic.

Most breeding rules today are based on excluding dogs with one of more problems.
We know that these measures are usualy inefficient and have a perverse effect on the diversity of the population.